Prevention

To prevent cancers from developing, physicians evaluate your risk factors. Some risk factors for cancer can be avoided, but many cannot. For example, in examining smoking and alcohol consumption, studies have shown that both factors are associated with a small increase in breast cancer risk. Avoiding risk factors may lower your risk however; it does not mean that you will not get cancer.

Regular exercise and a healthy diet may reduce risk factors for some types of cancer. Studies show that eating a considerable amount of red and/or processed meats is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. Adopting a low-fat diet that is rich in fruits and vegetables is the general recommendation. There is also evidence that exercise can reduce breast cancer risk as well. Engaging in 45-60 minutes of physical exercise five or more days a week is recommended by The American Cancer Society.

Risk reduction strategies should be comprehensive. The goal is to reduce mortality from breast and other cancers. Studies have shown that, when detected early, the chance for successful treatment of breast cancer is nearly 100%. The American Cancer Society recommends having a baseline mammogram at age 40, and beginning at the age of 40, women should have a yearly screening mammogram. Some physicians also recommend a monthly breast self examination for all women starting at the age of 20.

Women who are at higher risk (greater than 20% lifetime risk) for developing breast cancer should have intensive screening with an MRI in addition to mammography. Women may also consider chemoprevention with tamoxifen or raloxifene, surveillance for other cancers, or prophylactic surgery. Genetic counseling and testing may also be appropriate.